From Debian Clusters

The compilers typically used for scientific research and parallel programming include C, C++, and Fortran. Other possible languages to install include Python, Perl, and Ruby. I recommend installing the compilers on the head node as well as the worker nodes. Normally users won't SSH into a node other than the head node, but this way, if you ever want to take one worker out of the cluster for a while and let someone develop on it, you have that option.

C and C++ Compilers

The GNU C compiler, gcc, is installed by

apt-get install gcc

The GNU C++ compiler, g++, is installed by

apt-get install g++

Fortran

Different Fortran compilers were released different years. They are usually referred to as the f<year> compiler. F77 and F90 (called Fortran 77 and Fortran 90, respectively) are currently the most common Fortran compilers.

The GNU Fortran 77 compiler, f77, is installed with

apt-get install g77

Install the GNU Fortran 90 compiler, gfortran, is installed with

apt-get install gfortran

Python

Python 2.4 is necessary for MPICH. Python is installed with

apt-get install python2.4

Intel Compilers

If you have Intel processors, you might be interested in downloading Intel's optimized compilers. They're free for non-commercial use. See the Intel Compilers page for more information.